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Abul A'la Maududi • Tafhim commentary
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1
O men! Fear your Lord Who created you from a single being and out of it created its mate; and out of the two spread many men and women.[1] Fear Allah in Whose name you plead for rights, and heed the ties of kinship. Surely, Allah is ever watchful over you.
2
Give orphans their property,[1] and do not exchange the bad for the good,[2] and do not eat up their property by mixing it with your own. This surely is a mighty sin.
3
If you fear that you might not treat the orphans justly, then marry the women that seem good to you: two, or three, or four.[1] If you fear that you will not be able to treat them justly, then marry (only) one,[2] or marry from among those whom your right hands possess.[3] This will make it more likely that you will avoid injustice.
4
Give women their bridal-due in good cheer (considering it a duty); but if they willingly remit any part of it, consume it with good pleasure.[1]
5
Do not entrust your properties - which Allah hasmade a means of support for you - to the weak of understanding, but maintain and clothe them out of it, and say to them a kind word of admonition.[1]
6
Test the orphans until they reach the age of marriage,[1] and then if you find them mature of mind hand over to them their property,[2] and do not eat it up by either spending extravagantly or in haste, fearing that they would grow up (and claim it). If the guardian of the orphan is rich let him abstain entirely (from his ward's property); and if he is poor, let him partake of it in a fair measure.[3] When you hand over their property to them let there be witnesses on their behalf. Allah is sufficient to take account (of your deeds).
7
Just as there is a share for men in what their parents and kinsfolk leave behind, so there is a share for women in what their parents and kinsfolk leave behind - be it little or much[1] - a share ordained (by Allah).
8
If other near of kin orphans and needy are pre sent at the time of division of inheritance give them some thing of it and speak to them kindly.[1]
9
And let them fear, those who, if they would themselves leave behind helpless offspring, they would surely have been fearful on their account. Let them, then, fear Allah and make the right statement.
10
Behold, those who wrongfully devour the properties of orphans only fill their bellies with fire. Soon they will burn in the Blazing Flame.[1]
11
Allah thus commands you concerning your children: the share of the male is like that of two females.[1] If (the heirs of the deceased are) more than two daughters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance;[2] and if there is only one daughter, then she shall have half the inheritance. If the deceased has any offspring, each of his parents shall have a sixth of the inheritance;[3] and if the deceased has no child and his parents alone inherit him, then one-third shall go to his mother;[4] and if the deceased has brothers and sisters, then one-sixth shall go to his mother.[5] All these shares are to be given after payment of the bequest he might have made or any debts outstanding against him.[6] You do not know which of them, your parents or your children, are more beneficial to you. But these portions have been determined by Allah, for He indeed knows all, is cognizant of all beneficent considerations.[7]
12
And to you belongs half of whatever has been left behind by your wives if they die childless; but if they have any children then to you belongs a fourth of what they have left behind, after payment of the bequest they might have made or any debts outstanding against them. And to them belongs a fourth of what you leave behind, if you die childless; and if you have any child then to them belongs one-eighth of what you have left behind,[1] after the payment of the bequest you might have made or any debts outstanding against you.[2] And if the man or woman has no heir in the direct line, but has a brother or sister, then each of these shall inherit one-sixth; but if they are more than two, then they shall inherit one-third of the inheritance,[3] after the payment of the bequest that might have been made or any debts outstanding against the deceased, providing that the bequest causes no injury.[4] This is a commandment from Allah; Allah is All-Knowing, All-Forbearing.[5]
13
These are the bounds set by Allah. Allah will make the man who obeys Allah and His Messenger enter the Gardens beneath which rivers flow. He will abide there for ever. That is the mighty triumph.
14
And he who disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses the bounds set by Him - him shall Allah cause to enter the Fire. There he will abide. A humiliating chastisement awaits him.*25a
15
As for those of your women who are guilty of immoral conduct, call upon four from amongst you to bear witness against them. And if four men do bear witness, confine those women to their houses until either death takes them away or Allah opens some way for them.
16
Punish both of those among you who are guilty of this sin, then if they repent and mend their ways, leave them alone. For Allah is always ready to accept repentance. He is All-Compassionate.[1]
17
(And remember that) Allah's acceptance of repentance is only for those who commit evil out of ignorance and then soon repent. It is towards such persons that Allah turns graciously. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
18
But of no avail is repentance of those who do evil until death approaches any one of them and then he says: 'Now I repent.' Nor is the repentance of those who die in the state of unbelief of any avail to them. For them We have kept in readiness a painful chastisement.[1]
19
Believers! It is not lawful for you to become heirs to women against their will.[1] It is not lawful that you should put constraint upon them that you may take away anything of what you have given them; (you may not put constraint upon them) unless they are guilty of brazenly immoral conduct.[2] Live with your wives in a good manner. If you dislike them in any manner, it may be that you dislike something in which Allah has placed much good for you.[3]
20
And if you decide to dispense with a wife in order to take another, do not take away anything of what you might have given the first one, even if you had given her a heap of gold. Would you take it back by slandering her and committing a manifest wrong?
21
How can you take it away after each one has enjoyed the other, and they have taken a firm covenant from you?[1]
22
Do not marry the women whom your fathers married, although what is past is past.[1] This indeed was a shameful deed, a hateful thing, and an evil way.[2]
23
Forbidden to you are your mothers,[1] your daughters,[2] your sisters,[3] your father's sisters and your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters,[4] your milk-mothers, your milk-sisters,[5] the mothers of your wives,[6] and the stepdaughters - who are your foster-children,[7] born of your wives with whom you have consummated the marriage; but if you have not consummated the marriage with them, there will be no blame upon you (if you marry their daughters).It is also forbidden for you to take the wives of the sons who have sprung from your loins[8] and to take two sisters together in marriage,[9] although what is past is past. Surely Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.[10]
24
And also forbidden to you are all married women (muhsanat) except those women whom your right hands have come to possess (as a result of war).[1] This is Allah's decree and it is binding upon you. But it is lawful for you to seek out all women except these, offering them your wealth and the protection of wedlock rather than using them for the unfettered satisfaction of lust. And in exchange of what you enjoy by marrying them pay their bridal-due as an obligation. But there is no blame on you if you mutually agree to alter the settlement after it has been made. Surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
25
And those of you who cannot afford to marry free, believing women (muhsanat), then marry such believing women whom your right hands possess. Allah knows all about your faith. All of you belong to one another.[1] Marry them, then, with the leave of their guardians, and give them their bridal-due in a fair manner that they may live in the protection of wedlock rather than be either mere objects of unfettered lust or given to secret love affairs. Then if they become guilty of immoral conduct after they have entered into wedlock, they shall be liable to half the penalty to which free women (muhsanat) are liable.[2] This relaxation is for those of you who fear to fall into sin by remaining unmarried.[3] But if you persevere, it is better for you. Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.
26
Allah wants to make all this clear to you, and to guide you to the ways which the righteous have followed in the past. He will turn graciously towards you. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.[1]
27
And Allah indeed wants to turn graciously towards you; but those who follow their lusts would want you to drift far away from the right way.[1]
28
Allah wants to lighten your burdens, for man was created weak.
29
Believers! Do not devour one another's possessions wrongfully; rather than that, let there be trading by mutual consent.[1] You shall not kill yourselves.[2] Surely Allah is ever Compassionate to you.[3]
30
And whoever does this by way of transgression and injustice him shall We surely cast into the Fire; that indeed is quite easy for Allah.
31
But if you avoid the major sins which you have been forbidden, We shall remit your (trivial) offences,[1] and cause you to enter an honourable abode.
32
Do not covet what Allah has conferred more abundantly on some of you than others. Men shall have a share according to what they have earned, and women shall have a share according to what they have earned. Do ask of Allah His bounty. Allah has full knowledge of everything.[1]
33
And to everyone We have appointed rightful heirs to what the parents and near of kin might leave behind. As to those with whom you have made a solemn covenant, give them their share. Allah watches over all things.[1]
34
Men are the protec-tors and maintainers of women[1] because Allah has made one of them excel over the other,[2] and because they spend out of their possessions (to support them). Thus righteous women are obedient and guard the rights of men in their absence under Allah's protection.[3] As for women of whom you fear rebellion, admonish them, and remain apart from them in beds, and beat them.[4] Then if they obey you, do not seek ways to harm them. Allah is Exalted, Great.
35
If you fear a breach between the two, appoint an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both want to set things right,[1] Allah will bring about reconciliation between them. Allah knows all, is well aware of everything.[2]
36
Serve Allah and ascribe no partner to Him. Do good to your parents, to near of kin, to orphans, and to the needy, and to the neighbour who is of kin and to the neighbour who is a stranger, and to the companion by your side,[1] and to the wayfarer, and to those whom your right hands possess. Allah does not love the arrogant and the boastful,
37
who are niggardly and bid others to be niggardly and conceal the bounty which Allah has bestowed upon them.[1] We have kept in readiness a humiliating chastisement for such deniers (of Allah's bounty).
38
Allah does not love those who spend out of their wealth to make a show of it to people when they believe neither in Allah nor in the Last Day. And he who has taken Satan for a companion has indeed taken for himself a very bad companion.
39
What harm would have befallen them if they had believed in Allah and the Last Day, and spent on charity what Allah had bestowed upon them as sustenance? For Allah indeed has full knowledge of them.
40
Indeed Allah wrongs none, not even as much as an atom's weight. Whenever a man does good, He multiplies it two-fold, and bestows out of His grace a mighty reward.
41
Consider, then, when We shall bring forward witnesses from every community, and will bring you (O Muhammad!) as a witness against them all.[1]
42
Those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish on that Day that the earth were levelled with them. They will not be able to conceal anything from Allah.
43
Believers! Do not draw near to the Prayer while you are intoxicated[1] until you know what you are saying[2] nor while you are defiled[3] - save when you are travelling - until you have washed yourselves.[4] If you are either ill or travelling or have satisfied a want of nature or have had contact with women[5] and can find no water, then betake yourselves to pure earth, passing with it lightly over your face and your hands.[6]Surely Allah is All-Relenting, All-Forgiving.
44
Have you not seen those to whom a portion of the Book was given?[1] They purchased error for themselves, and wish that you too lose the right way?
45
Allah knows your enemies better and Allah suffices as a protector and Allah suffices as a helper.
46
Among those who have become Jews[1] there are some who alter the words from their context,[2] and make a malicious play with their tongues and seek to revile the true faith. They say: 'We have heard and we disobey' (sami'na wa 'asayna),[3] 'Do hear us, may you turn dumb' (isma' ghayr musma')[4] and 'Hearken to us' (ra'ina). It would indeed have been better for them and more upright if they had said: 'We have heard and we obey' (sami'na wa ata'na)[5] and: 'Do listen to us, and look at us (with kindness)' (wa isma' wa unzurna). But Allah has cursed them because of their disbelief. Scarcely do they believe.
47
O you who have been granted the Book! Do believe in what We have (now) revealed, which confirms the revelation which you already possess.[1] Do this before We alter countenances, turning them backwards, or lay a curse upon them as We cursed the Sabbath-men.[2] Bear in mind that Allah's command is done.
48
Surely Allah does not forgive that a partner be ascribed to Him,[1] although He forgives any other sins for whomever He wills.[2] He who associates anyone with Allah in His divinity has indeed forged a mighty lie and committed an awesome sin.
49
Have you not seen those who boast of their righteousness, even though it is Allah Who grants righteousness to whomsoever He wills? They are not wronged even as much as the husk of a date-stone (if they do not receive righteousness).
50
See how they forge lies about Allah! This in itself is a manifest sin.
51
Have you not seen those to whom a portion of the Book was given? They believe in baseless superstitions[1] and taghut (false deities),[2] and say about the unbelievers that they are better guided than those who believe.[3]
52
Such are the ones whom Allah has cursed; and he whom Allah curses has none to come to his help.
53
Have they any share in the dominion (of Allah)? Had that been so, they would never have granted people even as much as the speck on a date-stone.[1]
54
Do they envy others for the bounty that Allah has bestowed upon them?[1] (Let them bear in mind that) We bestowed upon the house of Abraham the Book and Wis-dom, and We bestowed upon them a mighty dominion,[2]
55
whereupon some of them believed, and others turned away.[1] (Those who turn away), Hell suffices for a blaze.
56
Surely We shall cast those who reject Our signs into the Fire; and as often as their skins are burnt out, We shall give them other skins in exchange that they may fully taste the chastisement. Surely Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.
57
And those who believe and do good deeds, We shall cause them to enter the Gardens beneath which rivers flow. There they shall abide for ever. There they shall have spouses purified and there We shall cause them to enter a shelter with plenteous shade.
58
Allah commands you to deliver trusts to those worthy of them; and when you judge between people, to judge with justice.[1] Excellent is the admonition Allah gives you. Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.
59
Believers! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger, and those from among you who are invested with authority; and then if you were to dispute among yourselves about anything refer it to Allah and the Messenger[1] if you indeed believe in Allah and the Last Day; that is better and more commendable in the end.[2]
60
(O Messenger!) Have you not seen those who claim to believe in the Book which has been revealed to you and in the Books revealed before you, and yet desire to submit their disputes to the judgement of taghut (the Satanic authorities who decide independently of the Law of Allah), whereas they had been asked to reject it.[1] And Satan seeks to make them drift far away from the right way.
61
When they are told: 'Come to that which Allah has revealed, and come to the Messenger', you will notice the hypocrites turning away from you in aversion.[1]
62
But what happens when some misfortune visits them because of their own misdeeds? Then, they come to you swearing by Allah,[1] saying: 'We wanted nothing but to do good and to bring about conciliation (between the two parties)'.
63
As for them, Allah knows what is in their hearts. Leave them alone, admonish them, and say to them penetrating words about themselves.
64
(And tell them that) We never sent a Messenger but that he should be obeyed by the leave of Allah.[1] If whenever they wronged themselves they had come to you praying to Allah for forgiveness, and had the Messenger prayed for their forgiveness, they would indeed have found Allah All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.
65
But no, by your Lord, they cannot become true be-lievers until they seek your arbitration in all matters on which they disagree among themselves, and then find not the least vexation in their hearts over what you have decided, and accept it in willing submission.[1]
66
Had We enjoined upon them: 'Slay yourselves', or 'Leave your habitations', very few of them would have done it;[1] yet if they had done as they were admonished, it would have been better for them and would have strengthened them;[2]
67
whereupon We would indeed grant them from Us a mighty reward,
68
and guide them to a straight way.[1]
69
And he who obeys Allah and the Messenger -they shall be with those whom Allah has favoured -the Prophets, those steadfast in truthfulness[1], the martyrs, and the righteous." How excellent will they be for companions![2]
70
That is a bounty from Allah, and Allah suffices to know the truth.
71
Believers! Always be on your guard against encounters.[1] Then (as circumstance demands) either advance in detachments or advance in a body.
72
Among you there is such who lags behind,[1] then if some affliction strikes you, he says: 'Indeed Allah bestowed His favour upon me that I was not present with them.'
73
And if a bounty from Allah is given you, he says - and says as if there never was any affection between you and him - 'Oh, would that I had been with them, I would have come by a great gain.
74
Let those who seek the life of the Next World in exchange for the life of this world fight in the way of Allah.[1] We shall grant a mighty reward to whoever fights in the way of Allah, whether he is slain or comes out victorious.
75
How is it that you do not fight in the way of Allah and in support of the helpless - men, women and children -who pray: 'Our Lord, bring us out of this land whose people are oppressors and appoint for us from Yourself, a protector, and appoint for us from Yourself a helper'?[1] .
76
Those who have faith fight in the way of Allah, while those who disbelieve fight in the way of taghut (Satan).[1] Fight, then, against the fellows of Satan. Surely Satan's strategy is weak.[2]
77
Have you not seen those who were told: 'Restrain you hands, and establish the Prayer, and pay the Zakah'? But when fighting was enjoined upon them some of them feared men as one should fear Allah, or even more,[1] and said: 'Our Lord, why have You ordained fighting for us? Why did You not grant us a little more respite?' Say to them: 'There is little enjoyment in this world. The World to Come is much better for the God-fearing. And you shall not be wronged even to the extent of the husk of a date-stone.[2]
78
Wherever you might be, death will overtake you even though you be in massive towers. And when some good happens to them, they say: 'This is from Allah'; whereas when some misfortune befalls them, they say: 'This is because of you'.[1] Say: 'All is from Allah.' What has happened to this people that they seem to understand nothing?
79
Whatever good happens to you is from Allah; and whatever misfortune smites you is because of your own action. We have sent you to mankind (O Muhammad!) as a Messenger, and Allah is sufficient as a witness.
80
He who obeys the Messenger thereby obeys Allah; as for he who turns away, We have not sent you as a keeper over them![1]
81
They say (in your presence): 'We obey', but when they leave your presence a party of them meets by night to plan against what you have said. Allah takes note of all their plots. So, let them alone, and put your trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as a guardian.
82
Do they not ponder about the Qur'an? Had it been from any other than Allah, they would surely have found in it much inconsistency.[1]
83
Whenever they come upon any news bearing upon either security or causing consternation they go about spreading it, whereas if they were to convey it to either the Messenger or to those from among them who are entrusted with authority, it would come to the knowledge of those who are competent to investigate it.[1] But for Allah's bounty and mercy upon you, (weak as you were) all but a few of you would surely have followed Satan.
84
(So, O Messenger!) Fight in the way of Allah -since you are responsible for none except yourself - and rouse the believers to fight, for Allah may well curb the might of the unbelievers. Indeed Allah is strongest in power and most terrible in chastisement.
85
He who intercedes in a good cause shall share in its good result, and he who intercedes in an evil cause shall share in its burden.[1] Allah watches over everything.
86
When you are greeted with a salutation then return it with a better one, or at least the same.[1] Surely Allah takes good count of everything.
87
There is no god but Allah. He will certainly gather you all together on the Day of Resurrection - the Day regarding which there can be no doubt. Whose word can be truer than Allah's?[1]
88
What has happened to you that you have two minds about the hypocrites[1] even though Allah has reverted them, owing to the sins that they earned?[2] Do you want to lead those to the right way whom Allah let go astray? And he whom Allah lets go astray, for him you can never find a way.
89
They wish that you should disbelieve just as they disbelieved so that you may all be alike. Do not, therefore, take from them allies until they emigrate in the way of Allah, but if they turn their backs (on emigration), seize them and slay them[1] wherever you come upon them. Take none of them for your ally or helper,
90
unless it be such of them who seek refuge with a people who are joined with you by a covenant,[1] or those who come to you because their hearts shrink from fighting either against you or against their own people. Had Allah so willed, He would certainly have given them power over you and they would have fought against you. If they leave you alone and do not fight against you and offer you peace,, then Allah does not permit you to harm them.
91
You will also find others who wish to be secure from you, and secure from their people, but who, whenever they have any opportunity to cause mischief, plunge into it headlong. If such people neither leave you alone nor offer you peace nor restrain their hands from hurting you, then seize them and slay them wherever you come upon them. It is against these that We have granted you a clear sanction.
92
It is not for a believer to slay another believer unless by mistake.[1] And he who has slain a believer by mistake, his atonement is to set free from bondage a believing person[2] and to pay blood-money to his heirs,[3] unless they forgo it by way of charity. And if the slain belonged to a hostile people, but was a believer, then the atonement is to set free from bondage a believing person.And if the slain belonged to a (non-Muslim) people with whom you have a covenant, then the atonement is to pay the blood-money to his heirs, and to set free from bondage a believing person.[4] But he who cannot (free a slave) should fast for two consecutive months.[5] This is the penance ordained by Allah.[6] Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
93
And he who slays a believer wilfully his reward is Hell, where he will abide. Allah's wrath is against him and He has cast His curse upon him, and has prepared for him a great chastisement.
94
Believers! When you go forth in the way of Allah, discern (between friend and foe), and do not say to him who offers you the greeting of peace: 'You are not a believer.'[1] If you seek the good of this worldly life, there lies with Allah abundant gain. After all, you too were such before, and then Allah was gracious to you.[2] Discern, then, for Allah is well aware of what you do.
95
Those believers who sit at home, unless they do so out of a disabling injury, are not the equals of those who strive in the way of Allah with their possessions and their lives. Allah has exalted in rank those who strive with their possessions and their lives over those who sit at home; and though to each Allah has promised some good reward, He has preferred those who strive (in the way of Allah) over those who sit at home for a mighty reward.[1]
96
For them are ranks, forgiveness, and favours from Him. Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.
97
While taking the souls of those who were engaged in wronging themselves,[1] the angels asked: 'In what circumstances were you?' They replied: 'We were too weak and helpless in the land.' The angels said: 'Was not the earth of Allah wide enough for you to emigrate in it?'[2] For such men their refuge is Hell - an evil destination indeed;
98
except the men, women, and children who were indeed too feeble to be able to seek the means of escape and did not know where to go .-
99
maybe Allah shall pardon these, for Allah is All-Pardoning, All-Forgiving.
100
He who emigrates in the way of Allah will find in the earth enough room for refuge and plentiful resources. And he who goes forth from his house as a migrant in the way of Allah and His Messenger, and whom death overtakes, his reward becomes incumbent on Allah. Surely Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.[1]
101
When you go forth journeying in the land, there is no blame on you if you shorten the Prayer,[1] (especially) if you fear that the unbelievers might cause you harm.[2] Surely the unbelievers are your open enemies.
102
(O Messenger!) If you are among the believers and rise (in the state of war) to lead the Prayer for them,[1] let a party of them stand with you to worship, keeping their arms.[2] When they have performed their prostration, let them go behind you, and let another party who have not prayed, pray with you, remaining on guard and keeping their arms,[3] for the unbelievers love to see you heedless of your arms and your baggage so that they might swoop upon you in a surprise attack. But there shall be no blame upon you if you were to lay aside your arms if you are either troubled by rain or are sick; but remain on guard. Surely Allah has prepared a humiliating chastisement for the unbelievers.[4]
103
When you have finished the Prayer, remember Allah -standing, and sitting, and reclining. And when you become secure, perform the regular Prayer. The Prayer is enjoined upon the believers at stated times.
104
Do not be faint of heart in pursuing these people:[1] if you happen to suffer harm they too are suffering just as you are, while you may hope from Allah what they cannot hope for.[2] Allah is All-Knowing, All- Wise.
105
(O Messenger!) We have revealed to you this Book with the Truth so that you may judge between people in accordance with what Allah has shown you. So do not dispute on behalf of the dishonest,[1]
106
and seek forgiveness from Allah. Surely Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.
107
Do not plead for those who are dishonest to themselves;[1] Allah does not love him who betrays trust and persists in sin.
108
They can hide (their deeds) from men but they cannot hide (them) from Allah for He is with them even when they hold nightly counsels that are unpleasing to Allah. Allah encompasses all their doings.
109
You pleaded on their behalf in this worldly life but who will plead with Allah on their behalf on the Day of Resurrection, or who will be their defender there?
110
He who does either evil or wrongs himself, and then asks for the forgiveness of Allah, will find Allah All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.
111
He who commits a sin, commits it only to his detriment. Surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
112
But he who commits either a fault or a sin, and then casts it upon an innocent person, lays upon himself the burden of a false charge and a flagrant sin.
113
(O Messenger!) But for Allah's favour and mercy upon you, a party of them had resolved to mislead you,yet they only misled them selves, and could not have harmed you in any way.[1] Allah revealed to you the Book and Wisdom, and He taught you what you knew not. Great indeed has been Allah's favour upon you.
114
Most of their secret conferrings are devoid of good, unless one secretly enjoins in charity, good deeds, and setting the affairs of men right. We shall grant who ever does that seeking to please Allah a great reward.
115
As for him who sets himself against the Messenger and follows a path other than that of the believers even after true guidance had become clear to him, We will let him go to the way he has turned to,[1] and We will cast him into Hell - an evil destination.
116
Truly it is only associating others with Allah in His divinity that Allah does not forgive,[1] and forgives anything besides that to whomsoever He wills. Whoever associates others with Allah in His divinity has indeed strayed far away.
117
Rather than call upon Him, they call upon goddesses, and call upon a rebellious Satan[1]
118
upon whom Allah has laid His curse. He said (to Allah): 'I will take to myself an appointed portion of Your servants[1]
119
and shall lead them astray, and shall engross them in vain desires, and I shall command them and they will cut off the ears of the cattle,[1] and I shall command them and they will disfigure Allah's creation.'[2] He who took Satan rather than Allah for his guardian has indeed suffered a man-ifest loss.
120
Satan makes promises to them and fills them with vain hopes,[1] but whatever he promises them is merely delusion.
121
For these people, their abode shall be Hell and from there they shall find no way of escape.
122
But those who believe and do good, We shall cause them to enter the Gardens beneath which rivers flow. Here they will abide for ever. This is Allah's promise in truth and whose word is truer than Allah's?
123
It is neither your fancies nor the fancies of the People of the Book which matter. Whoever does evil shall reap its consequence and will find none to be his protector and helper against Allah.
124
Whoever does good and believes -whether he is male or female - such shall enter the Garden, and they shall not be wronged in the slightest.
125
And whose way of life could be better than that of he who submits his whole being to Allah, does good, and follows exclusively the way of Abraham whom Allah took for a friend?
126
Whatever is in the heavens and in the earth belongs to Allah;[1] Allah en-compasses everything.[2]
127
They ask you to pronounce laws concerning women,[1] say: 'Allah pronounces to you concerning them,[2] and reminds you of the injunctions which were recited to you in the Book about female orphans whom you do not give what has been ordained for them[3] and whom you wish to marry (out of greed)',[4] and the commandments relating to the children who are weak and helpless.[5] Allah directs you to treat the orphans with justice. Allah is well aware of whatever good you do.
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If[1] a woman fears either ill-treatment or aversion from her husband it is not wrong for the husband and wife to bring about reconciliation among themselves (by compromising on their rights), for settlement is better.[2] Man's soul is always prone to selfishness,[3] but if you do good and are God-fearing, then surely Allah is aware of the things you do.[4]
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You will not be able to treat your wives with absolute justice not even when you keenly desire to do so. (It suffices in order to follow the Law of Allah that) you incline not wholly to one, leaving the other in suspense.[1] If you act rightly and remain God-fearing, surely Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate.[2]
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But if the two separate, out of His plenty Allah will make each dispense with the other. Indeed Allah is All-Bounteous, All-Wise.
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All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth belongs to Allah. We enjoined upon those who were given the Book before you, and also yourselves, to have fear of Allah. But if you disbelieve, then bear in mind that all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth belongs to Allah. Allah is Self-Sufficient, Most Praiseworthy.
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And to Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth; and Allah suffices for help and protection.
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If He wills, He has the full power to remove you, O mankind, and bring in others in your place.
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He who desires the reward of this world, let him know that with Allah is the reward of this world and also of the World to Come. Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.[1]
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Believers! Be upholders of justice,[1] and bearers of witness to truth for the sake of Allah,[2] even though it may either be against yourselves or against your parents and kinsmen, or the rich or the poor: for Allah is more concerned with their well-being than you are. Do not, then, follow your own desires lest you keep away from justice. If you twist or turn away from (the truth), know that Allah is well aware of all that you do.
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Believers! Believe[1] in Allah and His Messenger and in the Book He has revealed to His Messenger, and in the Book He revealed before. And whoever disbelieves[2] in Allah, in His angels, in His Books, in His Messengers and in the Last Day, has indeed strayed far away.
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Allah will neither forgive nor show the right way to those who believed, and then disbelieved, then believed, and again disbelieved, and thenceforth became ever more intense in their disbelief.[1]
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Give tidings of painful chastisement to the hypocrites.
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who take the unbelievers for their allies in preference to the believers. Do they seek honour from them[1] whereas honour altogether belongs to Allah alone?
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Allah has enjoined upon you in the-Book that when you hear the signs of Allah being rejected and scoffed at, you will not sit with them until they engage in some other talk, or else you will become like them.[1] Know well, Allah will gather the hypocrites and the unbe-lievers in Hell - all together.
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These hypocrites watch you closely: if victory is granted to you by Allah, they will say: 'Were we not with you?' And were the unbelievers to gain the upper hand, they will say: 'Did we not have mastery over you, and yet we protected you from the believers?'[1] It is Allah Who will judge between you on the Day of Resurrection, and He will not allow the unbelievers, in any way, to gain advantage over the believers.
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Behold, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allah, but it is they who are being deluded by Him. When they rise to Prayer, they rise reluctantly, and only to be seen by men. They remember Allah but little.[1]
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They dangle between the one and the other (faith and disbelief), and belong neither to these nor to those completely. And he whom Allah lets go astray, for him you can find no way.[1]
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Believers! Do not take the unbelievers as your allies in preference to the believers. Do you wish to offer Allah a clear proof of guilt against yourselves?
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Surely the hypocrites shall be in the lowest depth of the Fire and you shall find none to come to their help,
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except those who re-pent and mend their ways and hold fast to Allah and make their faith exclusive to Allah.[1] Those people shall be numbered with the believers and Allah will certainly bestow on the believers a great reward.
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Why should Allah deal chastisement to you if you are grateful[1] to Him and believe? Allah is All-Appreciative,[2] All-Knowing.
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Allah does not like speaking evil publicly unless one has been wronged. Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.
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(Even though you have the right to speak evil if you are wronged), if you keep doing good -whether openly or secretly -or at least pardon the evil (then that is the attribute of Allah). Allah is All-Pardoning and He has all the power to chastise.[1]
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There are those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers and seek to differentiate between Allah and His Messengers, and say: 'We believe in some and deny others, and seek to strike a way between the two.'
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It is they, indeed they, who are, beyond all doubt, unbelievers;[1] and for the unbelievers We have prepared a humiliating chastisement.
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For those who believe in Allah and His Messengers, and do not differentiate between them, We shall certainly give them their reward.[1] Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate [2]
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The People of the Book now ask of you to have a Book come down on them from heaven;[1] indeed they asked of Moses even greater things than this, for they said: 'Make us see Allah with our own eyes' - whereupon the thunderbolt suddenly smote them for their wickedness.[2] Then they took to worshipping the calf after clear signs had come to them.[3] Still, We forgave them, and conferred a manifest commandment upon Moses,
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and We raised the Mount high above them and took from them a covenant[1] (to obey the commandment), and ordered them: 'Enter the gate in the state of prostration.'[2] And We said to them: 'Do not violate the law of the Sabbath', and took from them a firm covenant.[3]
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(They have incurred Allah's wrath) for their breaking the covenant, and their rejection of the signs of Allah, and for slaying Prophets without right, and for saying: 'Our hearts are wrapped up in covers'[1] -even though in fact Allah has sealed their hearts because of their unbelief, so that they scarcely believe[2]
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and for their going so far in unbelief[1] as uttering against Mary a mighty calumny,[2]
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and their saying: 'We slew the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary', the Messenger of Allah[1] - whereas[2] in fact they had neither slain him nor crucified him but the matter was made dubious to them[3] - and those who differed about it too were in a state of doubt! They have no definite knowledge of it, but merely follow conjecture;[4] and they surely slew him not,
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but Allah raised him to Himself.[1] Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.
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There are none among the People of the Book but will believe in him before his death,[1] and he will be a witness against them on the Day of Resurrection.[2]
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Thus,[1] We forbade them many clean things which had earlier been made lawful for them,[2] for the wrong-doing of those who became Jews, for their barring many from the way of Allah,[3]
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and for their taking interest which had been prohibited to them,[1] and for their consuming the wealth of others wrongfully. And for the un believers among them We have prepared a painful chastisement.[2]
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Those among them who are firmly rooted in knowledge and the believers, such do believe in what has been revealed to you and what was revealed before you.[1] (Those who truly believe) establish the Prayer and pay Zakah, those who firmly believe in Allah and in the Last Day, to them We shall indeed pay a great reward.
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(O Muhammad!) We have revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the Prophets after him,[1] and We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the offspring of Jacob, and Jesus and Job, and Jonah, and Aaron and Solomon, and We gave to David Psalms.[2]
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We revealed to the Messengers We have already told you of, and to the Messengers We have not told you of; and to Moses Allah spoke directly.[1]
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These Messengers were sent as bearers of glad tidings and as warners[1] so that after sending the Messengers people may have no plea against Allah.[2] Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.
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(Whether people believe or not) Allah bears witness that whatever He has revealed to you, He has revealed with His knowledge, and the angels bear witness to it too, though the witness of Allah is sufficient.
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Those who denied this truth and barred others from the way of Allah have indeed strayed far.
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Likewise, Allah will neither forgive those who denied the truth and took to wrong-doing nor will He show them any other way.
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save that of Hell wherein they will abide. And that is easy for Allah.
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O men! Now that the Messenger has come to you bearing the Truth from your Lord, believe in him; it will be good for you. If you reject, know well that to Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth.[1] Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.[2]
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People of the Book! Do not exceed the limits in your religion,[1] and attribute to Allah nothing except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, was only a Messenger of Allah, and His command[2] that He conveyed unto Mary, and a spirit from Him (which led to Mary's conception).[3] So believe in Allah and in His Messengers,[4] and do not say: (Allah is a) trinity[5]. Give up this assertion; it would be better for you. Allah is indeed just one God. Far be it from His glory that He should have a son.[6] To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth.[7] Allah is sufficient for a guardian.[8]
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The Messiah neither did disdain to be a servant of Allah nor do the angels who are stationed near to Him; and whoever disdains to serve Him, and waxes arrogant, Allah will certainly muster them all to Him.
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He will grant those who have believed and done good deeds their rewards in full, and will give them more out of His bounty. He will bestow upon those who have been disdainful and arrogant a painful chastisement; and they will find for themselves neither a guardian nor a helper besides Allah.
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O men! A proof has come to you from your Lord, and We have sent down unto you a clear light.
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Allah will surely admit those who believe in Him and hold fast to Him to His mercy and bounty, and will guide them on to a straight way to Himself.
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People[1] ask you to pronounce a ruling concerning inheritance from those who have left behind no lineal heirs (kalalah).[2] Say: 'Allah pronounces for you the ruling: should a man die childless but have a sister,[3] she shall have one half of what he has left behind; and should the sister die childless, his brother shall inherit her.[4] And if the heirs are two sisters, they shall have two-thirds of what he has left behind.[5] And if the heirs are sisters and brothers, then the male shall have the share of two females. Allah makes (His commandments) clear to you lest you go astray. Allah has full knowledge of everything.